Aspek K3 Kelistrikan

Aspek K3 Kelistrikan

• Bahaya listrik di Lingkungan Institusi Pelayanan Kesehatan
• Pembumian (grounding) dan insulas
• Pencegahan dan pengendalian bahaya listrik     

Bahaya Listrik

• Pemanfaatan aliran listrik di rumah sakit sebagai penerangan, peralatan medik dan nonmedik
• Secara langsung dimanfaatkan oleh petugas rumah sakit maupun pasien
• Dapat menimbulkan bahaya apabila alur penggunaannya tidak tepat dan terkontrol. 

Electrical Safe

• It is necessary to respect electricity & it’s hazards
• Young & old are at risk
• Patients are susceptible due to their reason for hospitalisation
• Most electrical safety hazards can be spotted by inspection before use
• It would appear that the young & old are more prone to electric shock

Reason:

·        Frst instance due to a lack of appreciation of the danger

·        Second instance due to over familiarity

  

Hospital Electrical Safety 

• —  Electrical equipment is used in Hospitals therefore the same risks are present, but the hazards are greater due to the involvement of sick people
• —  Nowadays the patient environment contains a large amount of medical equipment providing various functions to aid the care of patients
• Many items of medical equipment may be connected to the patient at the same time
• —  Human susceptibility to electric shock varies from individual to to individual & depends on a number of factors:

1. The patients general state of health
2. The dampness of the patients skin

3. The position of any electrodes on the patient

• The position of any electrodes on the patientPatients in a Critical Care environment are especially susceptible

Effects Of Electricity

•       Many people have received an electric shock at some stage or other through carelessness
•       Main effects:

1. Neuromuscular (stimulation of nerves & muscles)

2. Heating (burns)

3. Electrolysis (decomposition/chemical change)

4. Heart (50 microamps can interfere with cardiac cycle)

5. Electric Shock : unwanted  or unnecessary physiological 

    response to current

•         Three phenomena :

1.  electrical stimulation of excitable tissue (nerve & muscle)

2.  resistive heating of tissue, and

3.   electrochemical burns and tissue damage 

2   Jenis Bahaya Listrik Bagi Manusia

•     Bahaya makroshok

     Adanya arus listrik yang dalam jumlah relatif besar mengalir melalui jaringan tubuh manusia.Akibatnya akan terjadi terkejut, rasa lelah, gangguan pernapasan, atau febrilasi ventrikular pada jantung dan luka bakar.

•    Bahaya mikroshok

    Bahaya yang diakibatkan mengalirnya   sejumlah kecil arus   listrik yang melalui jantung secara internal à akan menimbulkan febrilasi ventrikular pada jantung.Arus yang mengalir kecil maka hampir tidak terasakan oleh tubuh kita.

Physiological effects of electricity

Pembumian (grounding) dan insulasi

•    Grounding

      a direct physical connection from electric circuit to the      Earth

•    Electrical circuits may be connected to ground (earth) for several reasons

Reasons of grounding

•     In power circuits : for safety purposes to protect people from the effects of faulty insulation on electrically powered equipment.
•     Helps limit the voltage built up between power circuits and the earth
•     Protecting circuit insulation from damage due to excessive voltage.
•     May be used to limit the build-up of static electricity when handling flammable products or when repairing electronic devices  

 

Pembumian (grounding) dan insulasi

•    Insulasi
•    Electrical insulation is a material that resists the flow of electric current.
•    An object intended to support or separate electrical conductors without passing current through itself is called an insulat
• Some materials such as silicon dioxide or teflon are very good electrical insulators.
•  A much larger class of materials, for example rubber-like polymers and most plastics are still "good enough" to insulate electrical wiring and cables even though they may have lower bulk resistance. 
•    can serve as practical and safe insulators for low to moderate voltages (100-10000 volts). 

Safety Standards

•    Equipment is designed & built to comply with safety standards, namely BS EN 60601-1
•    This lays down constructional guidelines for medical equipment which influence the safety of the equipment

Hazards

•     Water & electricity
•     Overloaded circuits
•     Damaged insulation
•     Misuse of extension cables
•     Exposed wiring
•     Power cords in walkways

Precautions

•    If equipment gets wet, get it checked
•    If cabling damaged/exposed, get it checked
•    Do not replace fuses on medical equipment
•    If equipment damaged, get it checked

How Can Users Assist?

•    Do NOT carry out any repairs yourself
•    Check equipment for damage before use
•    Ensure there is no damage to mains plug
•    Do understand how to use the equipment safely

Points To Remember

•     Fuses are the weakest link
•     Avoid touching patients & equipment at the same time, as a conductive path exists
•     Let common sense prevail

—Remember do not end up like this person!

Terdapat dalam Materi K3-RS term 3 Perumahsakitan Universitas Indonesia untuk kepentingan tugas.

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